Kepercayaan Dalam Praktik Kebidanan: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36307/mvf3f556Keywords:
Trust , Beliefs, Midwifery practice, Scoping reviewAbstract
Kepercayaan atau keyakinan ibu terhadap proses persalinan merupakan faktor psikologis yang berperan dalam membentuk kesiapan menghadapi persalinan, pengambilan keputusan, pengalaman persalinan, dan kecenderungan terhadap intervensi medis. Keyakinan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh edukasi antenatal, pengalaman sebelumnya, hubungan dengan tenaga kesehatan, serta faktor sosial dan budaya. Pemetaan bukti mengenai peran kepercayaan dalam praktik kebidanan diperlukan untuk mendukung pengembangan asuhan yang berpusat pada perempuan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain scoping review. Pelaporan dilakukan berdasarkan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi 2021–2025 menggunakan kata kunci birth beliefs, maternal decision-making, antenatal education, dan cultural practices. Berdasarkan proses identifikasi dan seleksi, diperoleh 295 artikel, 65 artikel disaring berdasarkan judul dan abstrak, 10 artikel dinilai melalui full text, dan 5 artikel memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisis. Data diekstraksi dan disintesis secara tematik.
Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan positif terhadap persalinan sebagai proses fisiologis alami berhubungan dengan kesiapan psikologis yang lebih baik, penurunan rasa takut dan kecemasan, peningkatan kepercayaan diri, serta keterlibatan ibu dalam pengambilan keputusan. Edukasi antenatal berperan dalam memperkuat keyakinan positif, meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai proses persalinan, menurunkan persepsi risiko dan keyakinan terhadap persalinan sebagai proses medis, serta meningkatkan kecenderungan persalinan normal. Hubungan saling percaya antara ibu dan bidan serta penerapan shared decision-making berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan otonomi dan pemberdayaan ibu.
Maternal trust and beliefs regarding childbirth are important psychological factors that influence childbirth preparedness, decision-making, childbirth experiences, and the likelihood of receiving medical interventions. These beliefs are shaped by antenatal education, previous childbirth experiences, relationships with healthcare providers, and sociocultural factors. Mapping the available evidence on the role of maternal trust and beliefs in midwifery practice is important to support the development of woman-centered care.
The scoping review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published between 2021 and 2025 using the keywords “birth beliefs,” “maternal decision-making,” “antenatal education,” and “cultural practices.” A total of 295 articles were identified, of which 65 were screened based on titles and abstracts, 10 underwent full-text assessment, and 5 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Data were systematically charted and synthesized thematically.
The findings demonstrated that positive beliefs about childbirth as a physiological and natural process were associated with better psychological preparedness, reduced fear and anxiety, greater maternal self-confidence, and increased involvement in childbirth decision-making. Antenatal education contributed to strengthening positive childbirth beliefs, improving understanding of the childbirth process, reducing perceived risks and medicalized childbirth beliefs, and increasing the likelihood of normal childbirth. Trusting relationships between women and midwives, together with shared decision-making, enhanced maternal autonomy and empowerment.
